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unix:freebsd:system_builds:basic_freebsd_installation [2019/11/05 16:08] – rodolicounix:freebsd:system_builds:basic_freebsd_installation [2019/12/03 15:35] (current) – rodolico
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 Also, just because it simplifies things, I remove all of the data drives. Normally, we have a single boot drive, then several drives which will contain data, generally as a ZFS file system. By removing the drives, I know which one is the one I want to install onto. This can cause problems since adding drives after a system is configured can rename existing drives. However, if your boot drive is on an internal connection (most modern servers have this capability) or you make sure it is in the first drive bay, drive renaming is not an issue. Also, just because it simplifies things, I remove all of the data drives. Normally, we have a single boot drive, then several drives which will contain data, generally as a ZFS file system. By removing the drives, I know which one is the one I want to install onto. This can cause problems since adding drives after a system is configured can rename existing drives. However, if your boot drive is on an internal connection (most modern servers have this capability) or you make sure it is in the first drive bay, drive renaming is not an issue.
  
-From the command line, do the following. This assumes your boot drive is ada0. This is directly stolen from [[http://www.wonkity.com/~wblock/docs/html/ssd.html]], though it is summarized here.+From the command line, do the following. This assumes your boot drive is ada0. This is directly stolen from [[http://www.wonkity.com/~wblock/docs/html/ssd.html]], though it is summarized and modified it here. 
 + 
 +We are working in blocks, for the most part, which are normally 512bytes long.
  
 <code bash> <code bash>
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 gpart create -s gpt ada0 gpart create -s gpt ada0
 # add a very, very small partition for boot # add a very, very small partition for boot
-gpart add -t freebsd-boot -s 512k -a4k -l ssdboot ada0+# This begins at block 40 (2M) and is 472 blocks long (236k) 
 +gpart add -t freebsd-boot -b 40 -s 472 -l ssdboot ada0
 # set it up to be bootable # set it up to be bootable
 gpart bootcode -b /boot/pmbr -p /boot/gptboot -i1 ada0 gpart bootcode -b /boot/pmbr -p /boot/gptboot -i1 ada0
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 # if you want, you can specify the size with the -s parameter # if you want, you can specify the size with the -s parameter
 # as in '-s 100g' to only use 100G # as in '-s 100g' to only use 100G
 +# For SSD's without TRIM, set at 80% of available space
 gpart add -t freebsd-ufs -l ssdrootfs -b 1m ada0 gpart add -t freebsd-ufs -l ssdrootfs -b 1m ada0
 # format the second partition. # format the second partition.
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 where //username// is the username you want to add. where //username// is the username you want to add.
  
-===== Post Installation Partitions =====+===== Post Installation File System Modifications =====
  
 Note that /tmp is missing and there is no swap space. The first thing I want to do is set /tmp and /var/tmp to use the same ramdisk (aka tmpfs). Assuming I have sufficient RAM, I can allocate some space for tmp, which makes things faster and cleaner. Note that /tmp is missing and there is no swap space. The first thing I want to do is set /tmp and /var/tmp to use the same ramdisk (aka tmpfs). Assuming I have sufficient RAM, I can allocate some space for tmp, which makes things faster and cleaner.
  
 Additionally, I want to create a swap file to replace the partition. Swap is very nice to have, but rarely used, but I had one case where my swap partition was just too damned small and the server started acting squirrely whenever there was a lot of ZFS activity. Additionally, I want to create a swap file to replace the partition. Swap is very nice to have, but rarely used, but I had one case where my swap partition was just too damned small and the server started acting squirrely whenever there was a lot of ZFS activity.
 +
 +  - Make a backup copy of /etc/fstab
 +  - create a 4G file to be used for swap space. modify size as necessary
 +  - Create the entry in fstab for the swap space
 +  - turn on swap
 +  - create a tmpfs entry in fstab for /tmp
 +  - move /var/tmp to point to /tmp
 +  - activate /tmp. This could cause instability if something is being used, so reboot very soon
 +  - display mounts (prove we did what we expected to)
 +  - reboot to be on safe side
  
 <code bash> <code bash>
-# create a 4G file to be used for swap space. modify size as necessary+cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak
 dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1G count=4 dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1G count=4
-# Create the entry in fstab 
 echo 'md99  none  swap  sw,file=/swapfile 0 0' >> /etc/fstab echo 'md99  none  swap  sw,file=/swapfile 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
-# create a tmpfs entry in fstab for /tmp+swapon -a
 echo 'tmpfs  /tmp  tmpfs  rw,mode=01777 0 0' >> /etc/fstab echo 'tmpfs  /tmp  tmpfs  rw,mode=01777 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
-# move /var/tmp to point to /tmp 
 rm -fR /var/tmp rm -fR /var/tmp
 ln -s /tmp /var/tmp ln -s /tmp /var/tmp
-# activate /tmp. This could cause instability 
 rm -fR /tmp/* rm -fR /tmp/*
 mount /tmp mount /tmp
-# Just to be on the safe side, reboot +mount
-# might as well plug the rest of the drives in +
-# if you removed them as we normally do, then+
 reboot reboot
 </code> </code>
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 ===== Install some basic packages ===== ===== Install some basic packages =====
  
-I generally like some things that are not installed by default for FreeBSD (or Debian Linux, or Microsoft Windows, or Apple OSX, for that matter). For instance, I accept the larger size of bash for the extra functionality, and I'm lost without the //joe// editor. Some people are just more comfortable with a web UI than the standard CLI, so they might consider installing webmin ([[https://webmin.com]]). We will install +I generally like some things that are not installed by default for FreeBSD (or Linux, or Microsoft Windows, or Apple OSX, for that matter). For instance, I accept the larger size of bash for the extra functionality, and I'm lost without the //joe// editor. Some people are just more comfortable with a web UI than the standard CLI, so they might consider installing webmin ([[https://webmin.com]]). We will install 
-  * joe (because its my favorite editor)+  * joe (because it's my favorite editor)
   * postfix (because I hate sendmail)   * postfix (because I hate sendmail)
   * bash (a lot more robust than sh)   * bash (a lot more robust than sh)
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   * ipmitool (if this is a server with ipmi enabled functions)   * ipmitool (if this is a server with ipmi enabled functions)
   * pbzip2 and xz (good compression technologies)   * pbzip2 and xz (good compression technologies)
 +  * smartmontools (monitors your hard drive health)
  
-I'll label the steps as "webmin only" or "bash only" so you can easily not use them.+I've label the steps as to indicate what the code is setting up so you can easily not use some packages.
  
   - Install the packages - Answer 'Y' when asked if you want to enable postfix<code bash>   - Install the packages - Answer 'Y' when asked if you want to enable postfix<code bash>
-pkg install joe perl5 pv pbzip2 xz sudo screen webmin ipmitool postfix bash+pkg install joe perl5 pv pbzip2 sudo screen webmin ipmitool postfix bash smartmontools
 </code> </code>
   - Set up postfix and disable sendmail<code bash>service sendmail stop   - Set up postfix and disable sendmail<code bash>service sendmail stop
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 mv /etc/mail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf.old mv /etc/mail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf.old
 install -m 0644 /usr/local/share/postfix/mailer.conf.postfix /etc/mail/mailer.conf install -m 0644 /usr/local/share/postfix/mailer.conf.postfix /etc/mail/mailer.conf
-# clean up some leftover sendmail stuff 
 echo 'daily_clean_hoststat_enable="NO"' >> /etc/periodic.conf echo 'daily_clean_hoststat_enable="NO"' >> /etc/periodic.conf
 echo 'daily_status_mail_rejects_enable="NO"' >> /etc/periodic.conf echo 'daily_status_mail_rejects_enable="NO"' >> /etc/periodic.conf
 echo 'Daily_status_include_submit_mailq="NO"' >> /etc/periodic.conf echo 'Daily_status_include_submit_mailq="NO"' >> /etc/periodic.conf
 echo 'daily_submit_queuerun="NO"' >> /etc/periodic.conf echo 'daily_submit_queuerun="NO"' >> /etc/periodic.conf
-# add postfix user to mail group so it has access to sasl 
 pw group mod mail -m postfix pw group mod mail -m postfix
-# start postfix mail server 
 service postfix start service postfix start
 </code> </code>
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 echo '# enable bash' >> /etc/fstab echo '# enable bash' >> /etc/fstab
 echo 'fdesc  /dev/fd  fdescfs  rw   0   0' >> /etc/fstab echo 'fdesc  /dev/fd  fdescfs  rw   0   0' >> /etc/fstab
-# you an now set the shell for any user with 
 chsh -s bash username chsh -s bash username
 </code> </code>
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   - Set up ipmitool<code bash>kldload ipmi   - Set up ipmitool<code bash>kldload ipmi
 echo 'ipmi_load="YES"' >> /boot/loader.conf</code> echo 'ipmi_load="YES"' >> /boot/loader.conf</code>
 +  - Set up smartmontools to monitor your drives<code bash># edit the next file for your system after you copy it
 +cp /usr/local/etc/smartd.conf.sample  /usr/local/etc/smartd.conf
 +echo 'daily_status_smart_devices="/dev/ad0 /dev/da0"' >>/etc/periodic/daily/850.smartmontool
 +chmod 755 /etc/periodic/daily/850.smartmontool
 +echo 'smartd_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf
 +service smartd start
 +</code>
  
 ===== References ===== ===== References =====
unix/freebsd/system_builds/basic_freebsd_installation.1572991695.txt.gz · Last modified: 2019/11/05 16:08 by rodolico