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--- unix:freebsd:system_builds:basic_freebsd_installation [2019/11/05 16:08] – rodolico
+++ unix:freebsd:system_builds:basic_freebsd_installation [2025/01/06 19:15] (current) – rodolico
@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 Also, just because it simplifies things, I remove all of the data drives. Normally, we have a single boot drive, then several drives which will contain data, generally as a ZFS file system. By removing the drives, I know which one is the one I want to install onto. This can cause problems since adding drives after a system is configured can rename existing drives. However, if your boot drive is on an internal connection (most modern servers have this capability) or you make sure it is in the first drive bay, drive renaming is not an issue.
-From the command line, do the following. This assumes your boot drive is ada0. This is directly stolen from [[http://www.wonkity.com/~wblock/docs/html/ssd.html]], though it is summarized here.
+From the command line, do the following. This assumes your boot drive is ada0. This is directly stolen from [[http://www.wonkity.com/~wblock/docs/html/ssd.html]], though it is summarized and modified it here.
+We are working in blocks, for the most part, which are normally 512bytes long.
 <code bash>
@@ Line 17: / Line 19: @@
 gpart create -s gpt ada0
 # add a very, very small partition for boot
-gpart add -t freebsd-boot -s 512k -a4k -l ssdboot ada0
+# This begins at block 40 (2M) and is 472 blocks long (236k)
+gpart add -t freebsd-boot -b 40 -s 472 -l ssdboot ada0
 # set it up to be bootable
 gpart bootcode -b /boot/pmbr -p /boot/gptboot -i1 ada0
@@ Line 23: / Line 26: @@
 # if you want, you can specify the size with the -s parameter
 # as in '-s 100g' to only use 100G
+# For SSD's without TRIM, set at 80% of available space
 gpart add -t freebsd-ufs -l ssdrootfs -b 1m ada0
 # format the second partition.
@@ Line 38: / Line 42: @@
 where //username// is the username you want to add.
-===== Post Installation Partitions =====
+===== Post Installation File System Modifications =====
 Note that /tmp is missing and there is no swap space. The first thing I want to do is set /tmp and /var/tmp to use the same ramdisk (aka tmpfs). Assuming I have sufficient RAM, I can allocate some space for tmp, which makes things faster and cleaner.
 Additionally, I want to create a swap file to replace the partition. Swap is very nice to have, but rarely used, but I had one case where my swap partition was just too damned small and the server started acting squirrely whenever there was a lot of ZFS activity.
+  - Make a backup copy of /etc/fstab
+  - create a 4G file to be used for swap space. modify size as necessary
+  - Create the entry in fstab for the swap space
+  - turn on swap
+  - create a tmpfs entry in fstab for /tmp
+  - move /var/tmp to point to /tmp
+  - activate /tmp. This could cause instability if something is being used, so reboot very soon
+  - display mounts (prove we did what we expected to)
+  - reboot to be on safe side
 <code bash>
-# create a 4G file to be used for swap space. modify size as necessary
+cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak
 dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1G count=4
-# Create the entry in fstab
 echo 'md99  none  swap  sw,file=/swapfile 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
-# create a tmpfs entry in fstab for /tmp
+swapon -a
 echo 'tmpfs  /tmp  tmpfs  rw,mode=01777 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
-# move /var/tmp to point to /tmp
 rm -fR /var/tmp
 ln -s /tmp /var/tmp
-# activate /tmp. This could cause instability
 rm -fR /tmp/*
 mount /tmp
-# Just to be on the safe side, reboot
+mount
-# might as well plug the rest of the drives in
-# if you removed them as we normally do, then
 reboot
 </code>
@@ Line 65: / Line 74: @@
 ===== Install some basic packages =====
-I generally like some things that are not installed by default for FreeBSD (or Debian Linux, or Microsoft Windows, or Apple OSX, for that matter). For instance, I accept the larger size of bash for the extra functionality, and I'm lost without the //joe// editor. Some people are just more comfortable with a web UI than the standard CLI, so they might consider installing webmin ([[https://webmin.com]]). We will install
+I generally like some things that are not installed by default for FreeBSD (or Linux, or Microsoft Windows, or Apple OSX, for that matter). For instance, I accept the larger size of bash for the extra functionality, and I'm lost without the //joe// editor. Some people are just more comfortable with a web UI than the standard CLI, so they might consider installing webmin ([[https://webmin.com]]). We will install
-  * joe (because its my favorite editor)
+  * joe (because it's my favorite editor)
-  * postfix (because I hate sendmail)
   * bash (a lot more robust than sh)
   * perl5 (I write a lot of perl scripts)
@@ Line 76: / Line 84: @@
   * ipmitool (if this is a server with ipmi enabled functions)
   * pbzip2 and xz (good compression technologies)
+  * smartmontools (monitors your hard drive health)
+  * postfix (if you need a full MTA)
-I'll label the steps as "webmin only" or "bash only" so you can easily not use them.
+I've label the steps as to indicate what the code is setting up so you can easily not use some packages.
-  - Install the packages - Answer 'Y' when asked if you want to enable postfix<code bash>
+  - Install the packages<code bash>
-pkg install joe perl5 pv pbzip2 xz sudo screen webmin ipmitool postfix bash
+pkg install joe perl5 pv pbzip2 sudo screen webmin ipmitool bash smartmontools
 </code>
-  - Set up postfix and disable sendmail<code bash>service sendmail stop
+  - Choose a mailer (choose only one)
+    - dma - small smtp server for send only. Standard install
+      - edit /etc/dma/dma.conf to meet your needs. Fully commentend, or man dma
+      - Create /etc/dma/auth.conf if you want a to do authenticated SMTP to a remote machine<code conf>user|smarthost:password</code>
+    - postfix - full e-mail system
+      - Set up postfix and disable sendmail. Answer 'Y' when asked if you want to enable postfix<code bash>pkg install postfix
+service sendmail stop
 sysrc postfix_enable="YES"
 sysrc sendmail_enable="NONE"
 mv /etc/mail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf.old
 install -m 0644 /usr/local/share/postfix/mailer.conf.postfix /etc/mail/mailer.conf
-# clean up some leftover sendmail stuff
 echo 'daily_clean_hoststat_enable="NO"' >> /etc/periodic.conf
 echo 'daily_status_mail_rejects_enable="NO"' >> /etc/periodic.conf
 echo 'Daily_status_include_submit_mailq="NO"' >> /etc/periodic.conf
 echo 'daily_submit_queuerun="NO"' >> /etc/periodic.conf
-# add postfix user to mail group so it has access to sasl
 pw group mod mail -m postfix
-# start postfix mail server
 service postfix start
 </code>
-  - Set up bash<code bash>mount -t fdescfs fdesc /dev/fd
+  - Set up bash (optional)<code bash>mount -t fdescfs fdesc /dev/fd
 cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak
 echo '# enable bash' >> /etc/fstab
 echo 'fdesc  /dev/fd  fdescfs  rw   0   0' >> /etc/fstab
-# you an now set the shell for any user with
 chsh -s bash username
 </code>
@@ Line 109: / Line 121: @@
   - Set up ipmitool<code bash>kldload ipmi
 echo 'ipmi_load="YES"' >> /boot/loader.conf</code>
+  - Set up smartmontools to monitor your drives<code bash># edit the next file for your system after you copy it
+cp /usr/local/etc/smartd.conf.sample  /usr/local/etc/smartd.conf
+echo 'daily_status_smart_devices="/dev/ad0 /dev/da0"' >>/etc/periodic/daily/850.smartmontool
+chmod 755 /etc/periodic/daily/850.smartmontool
+echo 'smartd_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf
+service smartd start
+</code>
 ===== References =====